… produces uneven planning, variable institutional capacity, and wide disparities in outcomes … missions, but in enhancing and refining them: Focus on fewer priorities … article was originally published on India Development Review.  Facebook Twitter Linkedin …

… technologies. In October 2025, China began restricting exports of permanent … electric vehicles, and military technologies. China currently dominates the sector, holding … global rare earth refining capacity. The report noted that India’s infrastructure …

… pretty clearly. China currently controls roughly 60% of global lithium refining capacity, and … of the most significant lithium refiners in North America. BMW and … imported from Asia. Mangrove's pitch is straightforward: build refining capacity close …

… ’s South Pars Condensate, Malaysia’s Tapis Blend, and … heavy, sour varieties are China’s Shengli, the United … 70 percent of US refining capacity is designed for heavier crude … of Southern California, said US refineries would benefit “tremendously” from …

… at modernising Indonesia’s existing refineries. “The programme aims to increase refining capacity, improve … security for eastern Indonesia due to the increase of refinery capacity, creating jobs …

… Japan, South Korea and Germany have spent years refining magnet-making technology. India … in India, will the raw materials still come from China? There … If we do not scale capacity, the problem doesn… still be dependent on China - and China will scale," …

… underscored the leverage that China could utilise from its … the country. Last year China restricted overseas purchases of … artificial intelligence processors to China. Trump said last month … China controls about 90 per cent of the world’s refining capacity …

… reducing Canadian reliance on China for battery-grade lithium. … developed a patented electrochemical refining technology that converts diverse … is currently processed in China, any restrictions pose a … best positioned to develop capacity for refined lithium and …

… salt producer in Southeast Asia, Indonesia remains structurally dependent on … Risk and Supply Volatility Indonesia’s reliance on solar … salt. With a planned capacity of two million tons … offtake, or investment in refining and bulk storage infrastructure, …

… underscored last year when China imposed sweeping restrictions on … dependence on Chinese processing capacity. The standoff ultimately eased … even seasoned analysts. China currently processes more than … nation’s last alumina refinery and establishing its first …